Article by ECRI's Lakshman Achuthan and Anirvan Banerji. ECRI is an independent institute dedicated to economic cycle research in the tradition established by its founder, Geoffrey H. Moore, whom The Wall Street Journal called "the father of leading indicators." Read "
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There’s been much attention to our work of late, culminating in a report this Tuesday from Bank of America listing several critiques of our Weekly Leading Index (WLI). Apparently, the clinching argument is that “
If a single indicator always accurately predicted the trajectory of the economy, the demand for Wall Street economists would be significantly reduced.”
To some Wall Street economists, it may seem self-evident that there should be strong demand for their views. But this is not at all clear to us as far as their recession-forecasting function is concerned. After all, a 63-country IMF study on economists’ recession-forecasting prowess concluded that “The record of failure to predict recessions is virtually unblemished.” In contrast, the IMF subsequently noted that ECRI “has actually had a very stellar record” of recession forecasting.
As we outlined in our 2004 book,
Beating the Business Cycle, there is no Holy Grail of economic forecasting, even among our large array of state-of-the-art leading indexes, of which the WLI is but one. It seems that many of the self-styled experts on the WLI either haven’t read the book, or simply don’t understand the parts of the book where we repeatedly state, in no uncertain terms, that
ECRI does not use models.
We aren’t entirely surprised. Virtually the entire analytical community has been trained to believe that any and all quantitative approaches to forecasting must involve models, i.e., simplified representations of reality. The idea that there could be rigorous quantitative approaches that are not model-based seems to be entirely beyond their ken. Their understanding of analytical techniques is so model-soaked that it reminds us of an insightful comment from psychologist Daryl Bem: “It takes a very intelligent and non-parochial fish to realize that his environment is wet.”
So it is with economists who cannot imagine that ECRI’s leading indexes are not model-driven or based on back-fitting of data. Thus the BofA report notes that “the ECRI (sic) and other leading indexes . . . fit the business cycle better ex post than ex ante” and that “This is an example of a broader issue in all statistical models of the economy. The data fit much better in-sample than out-of-sample.”
They just don’t get it. While this may be a valid criticism of statistical models of the economy, ECRI’s leading indexes are not, in any sense, statistical models of the economy.
BofA’s ignorance of the facts continues in their use of a 1993 (yes, 1993!) Dallas Fed study of the Commerce Department’s LEI to impugn the WLI. The Fed paper correctly points out that the-then LEI got revised a lot — a situation that hasn’t changed now that the Conference Board maintains the index. However, none of what the Fed reviewed in 1993 had anything to do with the WLI, which is the target of the current BofA report.
Furthermore (not that we’re fans of the Conference Board’s LEI) but the Dallas Fed study may not be valid in the first place, since the results are based on a Bayesian model chosen by the Dallas Fed to generate recession and recovery signals from the LEI. In other words, it isn’t clear whether failures highlighted in that report have to do with the LEI itself or the assumptions and the specifications of the Bayesian model used in that study.
Still, the BofA’s latest forecast of a “
recovery, stronger than what we saw in the early 2000s and 1990s, but weaker than V-shaped recovery in the early 1980s” is very much in line with what
ECRI predicted — in August 2009. At that time, we said the recovery would be “
at a stronger pace than any the United States has seen since the early 1980s.”
BofA’s parroting of our forecast from late last summer reminds us of Jon Stewart’s segment on Nowcasting where experts describe something that’s already happening as though it’s coming (
Jason Jones starts at three-minute mark).
Bottom line, neither the “experts” predicting that the sky is falling based on the WLI, nor the other “experts” indulging in misinformed WLI-bashing in an effort to discredit the super-bears, have a real clue to what the WLI is all about. We created the WLI not to be an infallible, stand-alone recession-forecasting machine, but as one small part of a much larger array of leading indexes (each made up of many economic indicators) — like the especially prescient U.S. Long Leading Index. This array amounts to a sophisticated sequential signaling system of the economy’s cyclical turning points. The WLI is designed to be interpreted in this broader context, and its message today is quite simple:
A slowdown in U.S. economic growth is imminent, but a new recession is not.
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