May CPI at 3.3% Is Still Above Fed's 2.0% Target

 Despite President Biden's "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022" (estimated to contain $500B in new spending and tax credits) and the Federal Reserve keeping its Fed Funds Interest Rate at a 20-year high, inflation at 3.3% is 1.3% or 65% above the desired or "target rate" of 2.0%.

CPI-U: This morning the US Bureau of Labor Statistics announced, "The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) was flat in May on a seasonally adjusted basis, after rising 0.4 percent in April". and "Over the last 12 months, the all-items index increased 3.3 percent before seasonal adjustment."

Core CPI-U: "The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.2 percent in May, after rising 0.3 percent the preceding month" and "The all items less food and energy index rose 3.4 percent over the last 12 months."

Chart: CPI vs Fed Funds Rate vs Expected 10-Yr Inflation from 2004

Chart: CPI vs Fed Funds Rate vs Expected 10-Yr Inflation from 2020

Table: Raw Inflation Data from November 2023:

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April CPI Still Hot at 3.4% vs Fed's 2.0% Target

Despite President Biden's "Inflation Reduction Act of 2022" (estimated to contain $500B in new spending and tax credits) and the Federal Reserve keeping its Fed Funds Interest Rate at a 20-year high, inflation at 3.4% is 1.4% or 70% above the desired or "target rate" of 2.0%.

CPI-U: This morning the US Bureau of Labor Statistics announced, "The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 0.3 percent in April on a seasonally adjusted basis, after rising 0.4 percent in March". and "Over the last 12 months, the all items index increased 3.4 percent before seasonal adjustment."

Core CPI-U: "The index for all items less food and energy rose 0.3 percent in April, after rising 0.4 percent in each of the 3 preceding months." and "The all items less food and energy index rose 3.6 percent over the last 12 months."

Chart: CPI vs Fed Funds Rate vs Expected 10-Yr Inflation from 2004

Chart: CPI vs Fed Funds Rate vs Expected 10-Yr Inflation from 2020

Table: Raw Inflation Data from October 2023

Chart: Fed Funds Interest Rate vs S&P 500 - 1993 through today

Chart: Fed Funds Interest Rate vs S&P 500 - 2019 through today

Tariffs and Inflation:  Perhaps I should have included President Trump's tariffs as a contributor to inflation stubbornly remaining above the desired 2.0% target.

If so, then President Biden's new tariffs will make inflation worse.

Yesterday President Biden announced new tariffs on goods manufactured in China. 

WASHINGTON, May 14 (Reuters) - President Joe Biden is hiking tariffs on $18 billion in Chinese goods including electric vehicles, batteries, semiconductors, steel, aluminum, critical minerals, solar cells, ship-to-shore cranes, and medical products, while retaining Trump-era tariffs on over $300 billion in goods. 

The United States Trade Representative's Office told Reuters it anticipates the effective date will be in approximately 90 days.

Spending $500B to "reduce inflation" and then implementing new tariffs then listening to others debate the merits...

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Fed Raises Rates - Removes "Accommodative" from Policy Language

Today the US Federal Reserve Open Market Committee (FOMC) raised their Fed funds interest rate by 0.25% to a new range of 2.00% to 2.25%. As my chart below shows, this new rate is still low by historical standards.

The Fed will also increase its balance sheet reduction (reverse QE) by another $12 billion per month:

The Committee directs the Desk to continue rolling over at auction the amount of principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of Treasury securities maturing during September that exceeds $24 billion, and to continue reinvesting in agency mortgage-backed securities the amount of principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities received during September that exceeds $16 billion. Effective in October, the Committee directs the Desk to roll over at auction the amount of principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of Treasury securities maturing during each calendar month that exceeds $30 billion, and to reinvest in agency mortgage-backed securities the amount of principal payments from the Federal Reserve's holdings of agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities received during each calendar month that exceeds $20 billion. Small deviations from these amounts for operational reasons are acceptable.

The US Stock markets liked the move because it signals that the economy is still strong.

Had the FOMC not raised rates, perhaps under political pressure from President Trump who likes low rates to stimulate GDP growth, the markets could have take in as a sign of weakness in the US economy.

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The FOMC also increased their estimate for GDP growth for 2018 and 2019 since the last meeting.

More information:

• Federal Reserve Press Release (PDF)
• Policy Statement
• Economic Projections (pdf)
• Meeting calendars, statements, and minutes (2013-2018)